There is a chance that you can Buy RuneScape Gold, as long as you're quick or had friends near where you were slain. There are a few exceptions to this, which includes Bounty Hunter who intends to Buy RuneScape Gold, a few other minigames (like Temple Trekking/Burgh de Rott Ramble) and at certain points in some quests for RuneScape Gold.
When you die and drop items or Cheap RuneScape Gold (except in the instances mentioned above), a gravestone will appear at the spot you died during the process of RuneScape Power Leveling, guarding your possessions and acting as a warning to others who want RS Gold. This gravestone will remain in place for between two and five minutes when making RS Gold (depending on your gravestone - see below). As your time runs out, your gravestone will begin to crumble. A friendly player who wants RuneScape Money can fix up your gravestone by right-clicking and selecting 'Repair'. They need to have a Prayer level of 2, and this will hold your gravestone in place for another five minutes at a cost of about 5 Prayer points. If the player repairing your gravestone has less than 5 Prayer points, it will not remain as long although you have RuneScape Gold.
Alternatively, a player may choose to 'Bless' your gravestone, imbuing it with the strength of their faith for Cheap RuneScape Gold to keep it in place for up to an hour. This requires a Prayer level of 70 and will cost the player blessing it as many Prayer points as it requires some RS Gold. This will never take their Prayer points below 10 (just in case they need them!).
The length of time your gravestone remains in place depends on how many Prayer points the player blessing your gravestone has available and how long it has been since you died when RuneScape Power Leveling. Note that, regardless of when the gravestone was blessed, it will crumble to dust one hour after you died when you Buy RuneScape Gold. It will also collapse when you log out, or if you die again and drop more items that are purchased with RuneScape Money, although your items or RS Gold may remain available for a while longer if your gravestone has been repaired or blessed recently.
To make it easier to get to your items and RuneScape Gold when you return, you (and only you!) can right-click on your gravestone and select 'Demolish'. This won't make your items or RuneScape Money vanish immediately, so you should still be able to pick them up before they despawn.